Benefits And Limitations When Prevention Providers Are...

There are many benefits and limitations when prevention providers are looking for successful programs. The National Institute on Drug Abuse, or NIDA, provides a large research-based guide of the most effective prevention programs. This research should be the number one tool when looking into different types of programs, although it does not include every single program. A common problem in the prevention field consists of registries missing important strategies, including environmental approaches. These approaches may not benefit the individual directly, but the community. These strategies may or may not be effective, and that is why the NIDA does not feel the need to change these strategies. In order to avoid another program that just â€Å"does not work†, a system called the Best Available Research Evidence enables health practitioners, researchers, and policy-makers, to determine whether or not a prevention program may work, or if it is even achieving its intended outcome. In order to compel the research evidence, a rigorous study must be completed. Many forms of evidence must be recognized as a crucial part of the development of the prevention program. It must maintain an evidence-based decision which occurs when the best available research evidence is combined with contextual and experiential evidence from community data and field-based expertise. The different types of evidence are used in decision making and play an important role within substance abuse. The process ofShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Fall Prevention Program1400 Words   |  6 PagesFall Prevention Program Employers are continuing to face rising health benefit costs and are constantly looking for alternatives to control these escalating costs. Health benefit premiums continue to increase at a double digit pace for employers and employees (Poor, Ross Tollen, 2004). This escalation is putting environmental pressures on all impacted stakeholders, including insurance and health care providers. Companies and insurance providers are squeezing this industry to get a handle onRead MoreThe Affordable Health Care Act1811 Words   |  8 Pages In the primary care setting, it is difficult to maintain quality care for patients with chronic conditions. Many limitations to quality care include: decreased availability of team members, time management, and individual care planning. This has been an evolving and neglected problem in the United States’ healthcare system for a number of years. This problem will be evident looking through the background of the problem, providing evidence for p olicy changes needed, showing clinical implicationsRead MoreSubstance Abuse Prevention Field Of Prevention Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagesspecializing in the field of prevention. These include funding, having enough time for both the students and teachers, and the overall effectiveness of the program. The most successful way to create a superior program will include looking at the more effective strategies within the substance abuse prevention field. Tips will need to be provided to parents and the creators of the programs, while discussing the future of substance abuse as seen by the leaders of its programs. A growing number of AmericansRead MoreQuality Improvement And Health Care Delivery System1657 Words   |  7 Pagesmethods in order to achieve sustainable improvement and quality health care services. In using standard and systematic change methods and strategies can promote improvement that resulted better patient experiences and outcomes that requires changing provider behavior and organization structure (Ovrerveit, J. 2009). To achieve a better result in quality improvement (QI), organization leadership and standardized policies are vital to success. The Interview Quality laboratory management officer ensuresRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Prescription Medication Essay2189 Words   |  9 Pageslife-threatening and even led to death.7 Medication discrepancies often occur when patients have a lack of understanding of discharge medication plans, inadequate literacy to understand the dismissal notes, become nonadherent to medication regimen, and/or experience adverse drug events.8, 11 Expanding community pharmacists’ involvement in post-discharge TOC and improving communication will benefit patients, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system through decreased hospital readmission, medicationRead MoreHealth And Welfare Of The United States Essay1855 Words   |  8 Pagesresults in serious complications and ultimately death (National Diabetes Education Program, 2007). Type-two diabetes however, occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin or make use of insulin the body produces effectively. It has been diagnosed in all sha des of the U.S. population, and Hispanics are nearly as twice (12.8%) to have diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites (7.6%) (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Hispanics are disproportionately afflicted with diabetes compared withRead MoreReducing Healthcare Cost5621 Words   |  23 PagesMANAGEMENT PROGRAMS Healthcare costs in the United States are on a continual rise with no relief on the horizon. As the population ages and lifestyles differ from one individual to the next, healthcare third party payers such as commercial insurance plans, employee health benefit plans, the Medicare program and state Medicaid programs are searching for strategies to lower the costs associated with providing healthcare benefits to their beneficiaries. Disease management programs are emergingRead MoreLgbt Substance Abuse Treatment Best Practices2822 Words   |  12 Pagespopulations led to an inquiry regarding LGBT substance abuse and best practices. What was interesting in looking through the existing research is that there is really not a huge breadth of information out there regarding the LGBT population in relation to substance abuse and best practices. The importance of this subject was made apparent by the lack of concrete evidence for particular models of treatment when working with the LGBT co mmunity as a whole. Due to the lack of LGBT specific treatment evidenceRead MoreCloud Computing : Using Remote Network Servers Via The Internet2195 Words   |  9 Pagescloud and cloud hosting companies themselves must be extremely vigilant about their staff. This is usually done through pre-employment background checks and supervision of newer employees. Other security methods may include awareness and training programs, proactive security, disciplinary procedures and contractual obligations, service level agreements, codes of conduct, policies etc. Server security Security for a cloud server on a software level is only effective if the right type defences areRead MoreVentilater Associated Pneumonia6194 Words   |  25 Pagesi VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA: EDUCATION AND PREVENTION A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE BY MEGHAN CROCKETT BSN, RN, CMSRN DR. NAGIA ALI - ADVISOR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, IN DECEMBER 2011 Table of Contents Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.....i Abstract.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.iii Chapter I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

President William McKinley - 2099 Words

â€Å"The march of events rules and overrules human action,† William McKinley’s own words would soon become foretelling for his presidency. On September 6, 1901, at the Pan American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York, President William McKinley reached for another handshake two large bangs interrupted the buzz of voices in the Temple of Music. Eight days later, William McKinley died from his wounds. McKinley’s untimely death shocked the nation and created many changes in the United States as a whole. How and why McKinley was assassinated and what changes occurred due to the death of the President. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843, in Niles, Ohio. At age ten, he moved with his family to Poland, Ohio. William Jr. was the seventh of eight children. His father owned a small iron foundry which gave young William a strong work ethic and a respectful attitude. William’s mother, Nancy, taught him the value of prayer, courtesy, and honesty in all relations. Education in William’s early years consisted of attending a school run by the Methodist seminary in his hometown of Poland, Ohio. After graduation he attended Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania for only one term due to illness after his fight with depression and financial difficulties in the family. Financial troubles within the family made it impossible for William to go back to school, forcing him to take a job as a postal clerk and later a teaching position at a school near his home in Poland, Ohio.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Mckinley s President Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam McKinley took office as the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897 at age fifty four. McKinley served in office for 4 years 6 months. William McKinley was born in the Trumbull County January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio (Washington Times). William McKinley was assassinated September 14th, 1901 by Leon Czolgosz. Everyone thought for a while he was g oing to have a full recovery from being shot but he ended up with gangrene. Czolgosz last words consisted of, him saying he killed theRead MoreWilliam Mckinley, A Man Of Great Integrity And One Of The Most Beloved American Presidents1120 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam McKinley, a man of great integrity and one of the most beloved American presidents, altered the nation for the better between the years of 1897 and 1901 and his feats continue to affect our lives today. It was the election of 1896. Amongst an abysmal economic depression, Republican William McKinley was nominated for presidency by Marcus Alonzo Hanna opposing the evangelical democrat, William Jennings Bryan. In 1876, McKinley was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party’sRead MoreThe Spanish American War in 18981256 Words   |  5 PagesLà ´me, the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, to Don Josà © Canelejas, the Foreign Minister of Spain. This letter described Seà ±or Don Enrigue Dupuy de Là ´me opinion on the Spanish involvement in Cuba and President William McKinley’s foreign policy. This letter described President McKinley as a â€Å"weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.† This letterRead MoreWhat Is Campaign Finance Reform?1342 Words   |  6 Pagesand parties will be put to it t o fill their coffers by really voluntary contributions. 1905: The 1904 presidential campaign  Ã¢â‚¬Å"crystallized popular sentiment† on the subject of money and politics. In his message to Congress after being elected, President Theodore Roosevelt invoked the power â€Å"to protect the integrity of the elections of its own officials [as] inherent† in government, and called for â€Å"vigorous measures to eradicate† perceived political corruption, for he found â€Å"no enemy of free governmentRead MoreThe True Cause to the Spanish-American War548 Words   |  2 Pagesimperialist sentiments inherent to American society of the late 19th century, as it was driven nearly entirely by jingoism and a large degree of sensationalism. When examining this war, many often conclude that it was the result of the pressure placed on McKinley by multiple expansionists within Washington - that such men as Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge were, perhaps, the primary cause for this imperialist endeavour. However, upon deeper insp ection it appears to be that such men can not be notedRead MoreGreat Britain And The United States1062 Words   |  5 Pagescomparison of key components. William McKinley, 25th President of the United States Humble Beginnings William McKinley came from humble roots. It easy to suggest that he was the all American boy who lived the all American Dream. Born in 1843 the seventh child of a close-knit two parent working class family. McKinley was raised in Ohio in a very religious, pro abolition, whiggish environment which was typical of the era and the region of the nation at that time. William McKinley planned as a young man toRead MoreThe Battle Of The Uss Maine1458 Words   |  6 PagesOn April 19th, 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. Over the next three months the United States, along with Cuban Rebels waged war against the Spanish forces in hopes of returning the Cuban lands back to its people. President McKinley who was pressured into war by yellow press, sent American forces into battle which ultimately led to the birth of a western hemispheric super power, the United States. The sinking of the USS Maine, the use of yellow press journalism, and the national uproarRead MoreWilliam Mckinl ey And The Civil War1270 Words   |  6 Pages William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. As being born and raised in the United States, he met two of the qualifications to run for President. Although education is not a requirement to run for president, McKinley went to school that was run by a Methodist seminary in his hometown of Ohio. After McKinley completed that, he went to Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania in 1860. William attended Allegheny for only one term because of his financial problems. When theRead More William McKinley Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages William McKinley 25th President of the United States. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio, a town of about 300 people. He was the 7th child born to William and Nancy Alison McKinley His family moved to Poland, Ohio when he was nine years old so that the children could go to a private school called the Poland Academy. In school William liked to read, debate, and he was the president of the school’s first debate club. When he was 16 he went to Allegheny College in MeadvilleRead MoreWilliam Mckinley, A Influential Leader For Making The United States1734 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam McKinley, creditable for being a prominent leader for making the United States a better place and changing the life for American people. He is noted for his success in moving the country forward through the tariffs that he had put in place, the establishment of the gold standard, the victory of the Spanish American war, and importance of foreign policy. William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio with his dad, William Sr. McKinley, his mom, Nancy McKinley, and 7 siblings. William was enrolled

There is not one word apt final Free Essays

Shakespeare uses the antics of Oberon and Puck at the forefront of this comedy, using the â€Å"juice† to make everyone fall in love, however they err due to their arrogance as Oberon vaguely describes Demerits by â€Å"by the Athenian garments he hath on†. The iambic meter indicates these characters are powerful, yet their actions are unintelligent: the concept of incompetent leadership is a humorous stereotype, frequently used in dramatic comedy. Here, however, the joke is mocking power, or rather who we give power to, as Shakespeare portrays Oberon as using his power recklessly. We will write a custom essay sample on There is not one word apt final or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason Oberon and Puck start squeezing the juice on the lovers is that the character overheard â€Å"A sweet Athenian girl† and a â€Å"disdainful youth†, and so, in the guise of trying to help them, he creates havoc. Boron’s aid, however, is a facade: he only desires control; he knows that Demerits doesn’t love Helena back, and so he interferes. This attitude reflects that of the Queen’s court: as Louis Monitors puts it, â€Å"Queen Elizabeth Xi’s marital status and her sexual condition were matters of the state†, reflected when Oberon plans to put the juice on Titanic so that she â€Å"renders [her] page† to him. Oberon and Puck, therefore, are shown as metaphors for the male Elizabethan state where the men knew everything about the Queen and tried to control her in order to fulfill their interests: they tried to force her into getting married, and reproducing in order for the country to have an heir, just as Oberon tried to force Titanic to change her mind when she defies him saying â€Å"the fairy land buys not the child off me†. Ultimately, despite Titanic’s rebellion, â€Å"she straight away gave† the changeling child to Oberon because he manipulates her with he juice, rendering her love an â€Å"ass†; this is comedic, especially when the character awakens and worries about being â€Å"enamored† to an â€Å"assn. The fact that it was the â€Å"fairy queen† to whom this occurred is significant as this term was often a metaphorical reference to Queen Elizabeth in Renaissance literature. The juice is symbolic of ultimate patriarchal power; however, in reality there is no juice to make the Queen yield and produce an heir for the State. Shakespeare therefore is mocking State power as they can never obtain their desires because for once there was a ruler who resisted male authority. The state also is shown through Oberon and this reference to an â€Å"ass† may actually be a reference to Oberon- whom is the one who has acted truly the â€Å"ass† and has Titanic’s love- and so the state itself. This male lust for power in seen, moreover, in the disorder at the start of the play in Shakespearean portrayal of the relationship between Hermit and Segues in regard to her choice of husband. Segues believes â€Å"this hath bewitched the bosom of my daughter†; Shakespeare refers to Alexander here as â€Å"this†, dehumidifying the character and therefore highlighting the Segues has towards Alexander. Segues wants to â€Å"dispose† of his daughter â€Å"to her death† because she chooses someone other than who he wants: a seeming betrayal. Segues’ parental constraint mirrors the expectations Elizabethan parents had for their children, leading to the 1 753 The Hardwired Act which invalidated any marriages of people under 21 or if parental/ guardian consent was not granted; 1 753 was after the play was written demonstrating the dangerous legacy patriarchal Elizabethan England left. Segues also does not refer to Hemi by name through this passage, instead only using pronouns such as her†, yet, the men are named twice in it. This highlights the misogyny as the men, unlike Women, are worthy of name- even Alexander who Was previously simply a ‘this†. The namelessness inflicted on Hermit reflects the fact that before the 1 7th century married females had no second enamel , emphasizing the fact that she was lower than men and just a possession of either her husband or father, as seen as Segues claims â€Å"[Hermit] is mine†. Moreover, the idea of a Helena, a love-struck teenager, following her love who has rejected her is funny, until Demerits threatens to â€Å"do thee mischief n the woods†. The imperative highlights how threatening this character is, and therefore- because Demerits represents a sort of â€Å"Everyman†- is symbolic of the threatening nature of man, a nature also seen in the forcefulness of Oberon. This scene takes place on the outskirts of the â€Å"green world† (the forest) and so in a limbo between reality, sensuality and disorder; we don’t know what is possible here therefore making Demerits even more dangerous and thus amplifying the danger of his, and every man’s, authority in this world, as we can see by Boron’s greater power. This scene between Demerits and Helena also emphasizes inequality; he threatens this terrible act because a female character is stalking him for love, while he does the same to another. This is ironic and paradoxical, making us question the attitudes Demerits represents; it would appear that it is fine for a bold man to stalk someone because they are- as Dorothy Leigh says- â€Å"amongst the wise†, while when a woman is strong other women ‘Will blush at [their] boldness†2. The motif of rape appears symbolically when Oberon plans to manipulate Demerits, Alexander and Titanic â€Å"when [they are] asleep†: at the eight vulnerability and exposure. Oberon attacks them with the juice, thus taking away their will and dignity, in its place leaving distress- as a rape would do. In this case, Boron’s metaphorical actions are tearing apart the â€Å"double cherry† of Hermit and Helena, striping their symbolic sisterhood to a â€Å"union in partition†. However, this violent authority was not uncommon in the 17th century, and neither was it a crime that was prosecuted. It was a popular attitude that women were objects of beauty and obedience, as shown in Dry Faustus. Faustus just wants a â€Å"where† wife, or an illusion of Helen of Troy, neither of whom had free will, and although these two plays are of opposite genres, the aggression towards women is seen in both. This shows how it is not only the genre of dramatic comedy, but renaissance theatre in general which holds a mirror to the darker issues of the day. Misogyny is further seen at the start of the play where Theses claims to have â€Å"won thy heart doing [Happily] injury’, the connotations here of violence reflect the patriarchal period of the play. This is emphasizes because Theses took Happily from a injunction matriarchal Amazonian culture to one where she is objectified as nothing more than a prize (coven thy†¦ â€Å") – implying that this â€Å"love† between them is not what it appeared to be, but is actually another example of male control. As Alison Plowmen explains, â€Å"nobody had any objections to love as long as the price was right†; Theses will gain status and the potential for an heir. Contrastingly, Happily loses her independence and Persephone, thus foregrounding the both the literal and symbolic battle of the sexes throughout the play due to the male coercion. How to cite There is not one word apt final, Papers

Simultaneous in Competitive and Cooperative †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Simultaneous in Competitive and Cooperative. Answer: Introduction: Decision-making is the most important step that is required to be undertaken while managing the organizational growth. The decisions that are being taken in the planning process help the organization in fixing goals based on the requirements of the organization. The basic criteria of the decision making programs helped in understanding the importance of the concepts of taking the rightful decisions (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). Decisions that are being undertaken by the organization ensures the improvement of the organizational situation, which is based on the common goal. The theories of the management are applied to the practical environments in order to make the students understand the ethics of the proper decision-making. The evaluation of the issues faced by the organizational system is an important step that must be undertaken by the manager before undertaking a decision. The session helped in understanding the values of proper decision-making and the impacts of the decisions taken by the organization on its progress. The progress of the organization is a basic requirement in order to make the organization sustainable (Popovi?b et al. 2012). Therefore, decision-making helps in the organizational progress and thereby supports sustainability. The approach of the organization is again an important step that must be considered in order to measure the improvements undertaken by the organization. The importance of decision making in the management of the organization is being portrayed in the first week of the session. It also emphasized on the situations that involves the effective decision making programs in order to undertake the effective organizational progress. Making Decisions Involving Multiple Objectives The decisions undertaken by the manager or the leader of the organization is to ensure the change that is being undertaken by the organization. The change in the organizational structure helps in determining the sustainable approach of the organization. Making decisions from a variety of options is the greatest challenge that the manager and the leaders of the company face (Schmoldt et al. 2013). It is because the available options seem to be appropriate for the issue that is being faced by the organization. The objectives of the organization affect the decisions that are being undertaken by the organization. The decisions help in achieving the common goals of the organization. Therefore, it creates an impact on the organizational structure. The involvement of the Lexicographic rule and the other models like the Elimination by aspects and the Sequential decision making helps the leader in taking the most viable decisions in favor of the organization (Masini and Menichetti 2012). It helps in the progression of the organization in the respective fields. It helps the organization in adhering to the requirements of change. The rules that were taught in the sessions have helped in the understanding of the steps that are included in order to examine the kind of progress that the company requires. The manager considers the change based on the requirements of the progress. The progress is being planned on the basis of the objective of the organization to meet up to the expectations of the consumers. The adoption of the theories helps in making the most of the changes in the organizational structure and enumerating the decisions based on the objectives of the organization (Pettigrew 2014). People Negotiating and Making Decisions The people negotiate over the decisions taken by the organization in order to enhance the effects of the decision. The decisions form the integral part of the organizational success and therefore it is the need of the organization to undertake proper decisions for their growth. The sessions that were being taken in the third week has led to the knowledge of the importance of the negotiations that are being taken by the organizations management team in order to address the effectiveness of the organization (Anderson et al. 2015). Organizations consider the need of the formulation of the plans in order to make sure that the plans are implemented in their correct forms. The proper implementation of the plans helps the organization in undertaking the changes more effectively. Therefore, proper planning procedures must be undertaken by the organization and judged over by negotiation in order to determine the effectiveness of the plans. Negotiations helps in determining the differences between the good and the great and therefore, organizations undertake negotiations before formulating and implementing a plan. It is based on the effectiveness of the plan, which ensures the change that is being undertaken by the organization. Negotiations while taking a decision helps in reducing the risks that might be faced by the organization during its growing period (Hwang and Lin 2012). It helps in determining the serious aspects of the change and dealing with the changes that affects the systems of the organization. The changes in the mindset of the people and the varied perceptions help the organizations in making the most of the decisions taken by the organizations. Introduction to Probability and Uncertainty The probability is based on the assumptions that are being undertaken by the management in order to understand the important aspects of the decision and the effects of the decision on the organizational structure (Creswell 2013). The assumptions help in determining the risks that the organization might face while undertaking the change in the structure and the systems. The uncertainty of the decisions depends on the change that is being undertaken in the environment relating to which the organization plans its change. The sudden change might affect the progress of the organization and the plans that are being implemented on the organizational structure helps ion determining the progress of the organization in the market (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). The probability that is being undertaken by the organization while planning the change helps the organization in determining the risks that the organization might face. The probabilities help the organization in formulating contingency plans for the survival of the organization in times of a crisis. The session undertaken in the fourth week refereed to the different functions of the probabilities in determining the uncertain constraints (Oshima Lee and Emanuel 2013). The several outcomes of the decision are being determined through mean of the distribution, the variance and the standard variation and the coefficient of variation. It helps in determining the effectiveness of the decisions and the effective manner in which the decisions can be managed in order to bring in the changes in the structure of the organization (Gregory et al. 2012). Decision Trees and Simulations A decision tree helps in determining the steps in which the decision making of the organization is required in order to bring about the change. The changes that are being planned by the organization help in the survival of the organization in the market. The decision tree helps in the formulation of the strategies by the organizations in order to ensure the progress of the same (Velasquez and Hester 2013). The other aspects of the leadership help in determining the major changes that must be considered. The simulations on the other hand help in determining the concepts of the implementation of the decisions that are being undertaken by the organization. The most important steps that are being undertaken by the organization are based on the requirements of the organization to make its progress in the market. Simulations help in understanding the situations that the organization might face in the field. The simulations that were undertaken in the session shave helped in the understanding of the situations that the organization might face in a crisis. On the other hand, the decision tree helps in determining the phases where the decisions are to be taken for the betterment of the organization. The weeks session helped the students with an understanding of the decision tree and its implementation. It helps the organization in understanding the stages where decisions are to be made by the organization for the desired change. Simulations have helped in the understanding of the varied situations where the decisions are to be taken by the organizations. Heuristics, Biases and Methods for Eliciting Probabilities The proper implementation of the Heuristics in order to make a decision effective is an important measure that must be undertaken by the organizations. It helps in the efficient decision making systems of the organization based on the changes of the organization. The most important consideration undertaken by the organization is based on the probabilities of implementation of the ideas in the decision-making, which is being undertaken properly. The steps of undertaking the probability of the decision benefitting the organization are being undertaken through the mean of the distribution (Sharda et al. 2014). The statistical steps are being demonstrated in the weeks session with the view of understanding the steps that are being undertaken by the organization. The probable steps that are being formulated by the organizations helps in facilitating the change. The methods for eliciting the probabilities of the success depend on the calculations that the organization undertakes before taking the decision. It helps the organization in understanding the steps that the organization undertakes for bringing in the change. The probabilities help in enumerating the steps that are required by the organization for the gradual development. Risk, Uncertainty and Judgment Revision The risks that are involved while undertaking the change is an important factor that must be analyzed by the organization (Pomerol and Barba-Romero 2012). It helps in the decision-making of the organizations based on the requirements. In order to determine the risks that are involved in the process of managing the changes in the organizational systems, the organizations undertakes the usage of the probabilities. It helps in improving the functional abilities of the organizations progress. The decisions undertaken by the organizations are based on the clear insight of the risks involved in the process of the change (Saaty and Vargas 2012). The uncertainty and the risk that is involved in the decision making process of the organizations are based on the policies and the type of improvements required by the company to make its progress in the market. The weeks session helped in making the students aware of the risks that the organization assumes while formulating the decisions. The decisions help in the proper maintenance of the ideas and the implementation of the plans to avoid the situations of the risk and the uncertainty. The uncertainty that are faced by the organization helps in determining the progress that the company assumes to make through the decisions. The session is believed to help the students with the clear understanding of the risks that are involved in the process of undertaking the change. The uncertainty of the decisions is based on the aspects of the assumptions and the calculated probabilities that are being undertaken by the organizations. It helps the organization in making use of the decision tactically in bringing about the change. Scenario Planning The planning of the scenario is again another aspect that influences the effectiveness of the decision that is being taken by the organization. It helps in identifying the probable outcomes through the implementation of the strategies on the situations that might be faced b the organization. The firms, identifies the different scenarios in the market and determine the discrepancies. Secondly, they determine the similarity of the current strategy of the firma with the scenario that they propose (Savikhin and Sheremeta 2013). The similarity in the scenario and the strategy of the organization helps the organization in choosing the correct options from the rest. Decision is all about making the right choice. Therefore, the interrelation of the strategy with the scenario helps the organization in undertaking the decision in favor of the organization. It helps the organization in making the correct choice. The scenario planning session helped the students in understanding the organizations assumption of the budget in order to undertake the change. The budget helps the organization in making the right decision. Therefore, it is an important part of the planning process of the organization relating to its progress. The planned session has enumerated ways in which the organization can plan its scenario based on the strategies. Scenario planning is different from the strategic planning of the organizational growth (Conroy and Peterson 2013). The strategic planning analyzes the trends and focuses on prophesying the changes that the organization might meet in the long run. On the other hand, the scenario planning involves both of the elements of strategic planning in order to enhance the organizations capability of meeting the big changes in the market. It helps in determining the major changes and thereby helps in the adaptability of the organization to the change. The session has helped in the understanding of the strategic analysis and the forecasting under the broad terms of scenario planning. Framing the decision is an important step the organization undertakes in order to make its progress in the market. The most important consideration undertaken by the organizations are based on the criteria of the change in order to make the company sustainable in the market (Griffin 2013). The decisions taken by the organizations help in determining the objective of the organizations and thereby frame their decisions accordingly. In order to undertake a decision, the organization follows certain steps. The steps help in understanding the requirements of the organization as a whole. In this weeks session the students were taught about determining the information from the past decisions and identifying the flaws that made the company to undertake the change. After the recognition of the flaws, the priority of the actions that are being taken by the organization helps in understanding the situation of the organization and sequencing the actions in a continuous basis (Eweje, Turner and Mller 2012). Even before taking the rightful decisions, the organizations are required to assume a timeline for the change to affect the structure of the organization. Identifying the risks and the appropriate human resource helps in framing the decision that is being undertaken by the organization for anticipating the change in its structure. The session helped the students in understanding the different concepts that are being undertaken while undertaking the framing of the decisions. The market considerations of the organization help the organization in choosing the rightful decis ions for the change. Decision Support Mechanisms The decision support mechanism or the decision support system is an information system that helps the organizations in taking the rightful decisions for the growth and expansion of the business kin the market (Schneeweiss 2012). The consideration undertaken by the information system is based on the research of the market that is being undertaken by the system. It helps the organizations in understanding the changes that they must adhere to in order to sustain their business in the market (Janssen 2012). It helps in the mid and higher management in undertaking the plans of masking their progress in the market. The decision support systems can be computerized, human-powered or the combination of both the forces. The information system helps in determining the effective decision making of the organization and ensures the organizational success in the long run. The students who attended the weeks session were taught of the implications and applications of the information system and the manner in which the mechanism helps in the proper decision making of the organization (McAfee, Brynjolfsson and Davenport 2012). The tutors undertook several practical situations where the information system can be applied and thereby bring about changes in the decision making of the organization. The effective decision making of the organization is based on the principles of the change that the organization requires in order to sustain in the market. Therefore, the students were made to solve demonstrative issues faced by certain organizations through the clear application of the information system. It helped in the proper understanding of the steps that are being undertaken by the organization for the progress (Haimes 2015). Implementation of the sessions The session s helped in the understanding of the issues that the organizations face while undertaking the decisions for the change. The solutions to resolve the problems are being gained through the experiences that the students acquired from the clear implementation of the rules and systems on the issues. The most important benefit that is being acquired from the sessions is the clear understanding of the step that are being evaluated before taking a decision in the favor of the organization. It helped in the understanding of the issues and the solutions and applications. The sessions have helped me in understanding the issues faced by the organizations while undertaking a decision. It has helped me in applying the solutions to the issues faced by my organization and thereby resolve the issues efficiently. The most important aspect that I have learnt from the sessions is based on the factors of determining the situations and thereby implements the ideas of the decision. The decision that is being taken by me is based on the organizational objectives as the goals of the organization helps in understanding the required actions to support the decision of the organization. On the other hand, the sessions have also helped me in undertaking probabilities that will support the systems of the decisions undertaken for the progress of the organization. In order to ensure the requirements of the organizations the negotiations are being undertaken by the people in the organization. The negotiations help in determining the proper decision making of the organization. The most important consideration undertaken by the organization is adhering to the requirements of the organization to change based on the market structure. The sessions have helped me in understanding the situations and elicit the probabilities in order to determine the risk that is being involved in the progress of the organization. The issues faced by the organization based on the advancements are being determined through the decision tree, which helps in the clear understanding of the stages where the decisions are required to be taken by the organization. On the other hand, the practical usage of the decision-making mechanisms has helped me in improving the information system of the organization. It has helped me in understanding the flaws that constrains the growth and expansion of the organization. Determining the risks and the uncertainties that the organization might face while undertaking the change is again another important step that the session enumerated. I was benefitted from the session on the basis of the enhancement of my understanding of the risk factors that the company faces while undertaking the change. The change that is planned by the organizations is based on the criteria of the issues faced by the organization and the uncertainty that the organizations holds of implementing the change on the organizational structure. The other aspect that is being covered by the sessions relating to the planning of the scenario helps in determining the position of the organization in the market. It also helps in determining the risks that the organizations are sure to face in the market. It has helped me in enumerating the risks that are being faced by my organization and undertake the scenario planning effectively based on the strategies of the organization. References Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015. An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Conroy, M.J. and Peterson, J.T., 2013. Decision making in natural resource management: a structured, adaptive approach. John Wiley Sons. Creswell, J.W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Eweje, J., Turner, R. and Mller, R., 2012. Maximizing strategic value from megaprojects: The influence of information-feed on decision-making by the project manager. International Journal of Project Management, 30(6), pp.639-651. Gregory, R., Failing, L., Harstone, M., Long, G., McDaniels, T. and Ohlson, D., 2012. Structured decision making: a practical guide to environmental management choices. John Wiley Sons. Griffin, R.W., 2013. Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Haimes, Y.Y., 2015. Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014. Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hwang, C.L. and Lin, M.J., 2012. Group decision making under multiple criteria: methods and applications (Vol. 281). Springer Science Business Media. Janssen, R., 2012. Multiobjective decision support for environmental management (Vol. 2). Springer Science Business Media. Masini, A. and Menichetti, E., 2012. The impact of behavioural factors in the renewable energy investment decision making process: Conceptual framework and empirical findings. Energy Policy, 40, pp.28-38. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E. and Davenport, T.H., 2012. Big data: the management revolution. Harvard business review, 90(10), pp.60-68. Oshima Lee, E. and Emanuel, E.J., 2013. Shared decision making to improve care and reduce costs. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(1), pp.6-8. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014. The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Pomerol, J.C. and Barba-Romero, S., 2012. Multicriterion decision in management: principles and practice (Vol. 25). Springer Science Business Media. Popovi?, A., Hackney, R., Coelho, P.S. and Jakli?, J., 2012. Towards business intelligence systems success: Effects of maturity and culture on analytical decision making. Decision Support Systems, 54(1), pp.729-739. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013. Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Saaty, T.L. and Vargas, L.G., 2012. How to make a decision. In Models, methods, concepts applications of the analytic hierarchy process (pp. 1-21). Springer US. Savikhin, A.C. and Sheremeta, R.M., 2013. Simultaneous decision?making in competitive and cooperative environments. Economic Inquiry, 51(2), pp.1311-1323. Schmoldt, D., Kangas, J., Mendoza, G.A. and Pesonen, M. eds., 2013. The analytic hierarchy process in natural resource and environmental decision making (Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Schneeweiss, C., 2012. Distributed decision making. Springer Science Business Media. Sharda, R., Delen, D., Turban, E., Aronson, J. and Liang, T.P., 2014. Businesss Intelligence and Analytics: Systems for Decision Support-(Required). London: Prentice Hall. Velasquez, M. and Hester, P.T., 2013. An analysis of multi-criteria decision making methods. International Journal of Operations Research, 10(2), pp.56-66.

Miss fortune in My New School Story free essay sample

I and he decided to take the shortcut we found during summer break when we went biking, instead of the actual way through the streets. It had already started to snow in September and the shortcut through the pond was slippery, but we scrambled through it. As we made our way near the school, we saw some of the kids we saw when we went biking hanging out by the timeworn school sign. I guess my brother didn’t really want to enter school with me because he scurried off to a friend he met at a band competition during the break. I didn’t really find any friends during the break, except this kid named Jack who was my neighbour, but the problem with him was that he was one of the fattest kid I have seen, and all he would want to do was stay home and watch this TV show about a loser who always got beaten up. We will write a custom essay sample on Miss fortune in My New School Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I stayed away from him all summer but I guess I shouldn’t have, because now I have to enter the school all by my self not knowing where to go or not knowing anything about the school. At least the school entrance looked warm hearted. I made way up the aged stairs of the school. I opened the door to the school and felt a warm breeze of air through my body. It didn’t look too bad like I imagined. To my left a bunch of kids were by the classroom talking to one of the teachers and to my right some kids all had their heads in one locker looking at something. I decided to go up to the administration desk and ask for my class list. The women behind the computer gave me the piece of paper with my classroom numbers. Since I didn’t know anyone, I decided to go to my class and get a bit familiar to the teacher. The classroom door was open so I decide to take a sneak at it. There was no teacher inside and so were no students. I guess no one was new to the school and had someone to hang out with. So I decide to stay in the class and read one of the books I still didn’t finish from last year until the bell ring. â€Å"BRING† The bell rang and bit by bit the students made their way in at a snails pace; I guess none of them were happy about school starting. But suddenly the most attractive girl I have ever seen came inside the room crowded with a bunch of boys trying to make a move with her. I guess she was probably the girl of the school. We started class a few minutes later and for the whole class I swear I couldn’t lay my eyes off of her until the boy behind me poked me at the back saying â€Å"Don’t even try bro. Every guy wants that girl! † With fury I turned around and saw a chubby boy and told him â€Å"What makes you think I won’t get her† and with confidence he said she only goes out with athletic people, making me sound like I’m not athletic. I needed to at least try to get her and to show the boy ‘Brendan† that I am athletic and could get her. But the truth was that I actually wasn’t that athletic. I was always the geek that stayed behind the computer playing games instead of going outside and playing sports. Instead of arguing with Brendan I decide to actually get to be friends with him since I didn’t know anyone else. First and second class passed by and now was lunch time. Brendan and I made our way through the halls to the cafeteria. We both got our lunch and made our way to a table where we could eat. While we ate he told me that the wrestling try outs would be today and that we should both try out since Alex will be there watching. I decide to give it a go since she was there, and maybe wrestling will the sport I’m good at. I was actually eager to try out because I could probably show off some moves and get Alex attracted to me. For the last two blocks we didn’t really do much; we had both classes as science and all we did was read the safety rules for using the stuff in class. The bell rang and Brendan and I made our way to the gym. We got changed into our shorts and out on some equipment that the coach gave to us. We made our way into the gym; all the people trying out were big and muscular. I took a quick glance at the bleachers and saw Alex setting down with some other girl from our class. I knew I had to shine or it would go all bad. The coach put us into pairs with the same size for opponents. My bad luck struck because I was paired up with this girl that had tried out; I and she were the smallest and shortest people there so that’s why we probably got paired up together. The bad thing was that the coach actually wanted us to wrestle each other and I didn’t really want to hurt a girl. We were the last ones to wrestle, so we both made our way to the matt and as soon as the coach said go, that girl attacked me and took me right down to the floor. Brendan helped me up and all I heard and saw was everyone laughing at me including Alex. I was pretty embarrassed. We all went back to the locker room to change back to leave. Everyone was making fun of me so I got myself out of there as soon as possible. I put on my jacket and opened the door to start walking back home. Instead of taking the shortcut I took the actual way through the street. As I was walking down the street across the school I saw Alex standing outside of the bank line with her mom. I thought the best thing to do was to change my way but instead I decided to be a man and pass her. I was around a foot away for her and suddenly a group of man came outside of the bank. They all had black masks with some sort of sweater saying ‘BAD BOYS† on it with each of them wearing baggy ripped jeans. I guess they were robbing the bank or something because one the guys started to terrorise the people outside including me to not call the police. Then one of the guys opened some shots from his pistol in to the crowd and the only thing that popped into my mind was to jump in front of Alex to save her from a bullet; maybe instead of liking an athletic person she could like a hero that saved her life. I wasn’t really expecting the bullet to come her way but my bad luck it actually was going to hit her, so I lurched my self in front of her and got hit by the bullet. I was expecting my self to be in wounded by the bullet but instead I found my self in the hospital lying on the bed with my brother and mom beside me on the bed. I didn’t know exactly what was happening and exactly why I wasn’t dead or anything from the bullet. I asked my mom sitting beside me if they took the bullet out of me but she was more confused then ever before. So I asked her why I was in the hospital and she told me, when me and my brother took the shortcut in the morning on the way to school I fell down and hit my head on sharp piece of ice which got me unconscious. So all that just had happened to me was all a dream I guess. I’m just happy that all I went through in my dream wasn’t real because I would never want that to happen to me. And the best thing of all was that I got to miss the first day of school!

Intercultural Group Project

Intercultural Group Project Free Online Research Papers COMM 220 – Intercultural Communication Intercultural Group Project Group Field Study This assignment is a group presentation to the class on a field study experience of a different culture. I reserve the right to lower the grade of any individual who does not participate equally in his/her group efforts. The purpose of this assignment is to give you direct experience with an intercultural situation. You are to explore a â€Å"new culture† here in the U.S. Consider the definition of culture that we are using and select a group for the field study on the basis of your access to the group and sufficient heterogeneity from that group. You are to approach learning about that culture as you would learning about any â€Å"foreign† culture. As a group you should study this new culture to learn about the cultural patterns (beliefs, values, and norms), verbal codes, nonverbal behaviors, social roles, and the rules for interpersonal relationships of that culture. The three guidelines you should use in the selection of the culture are: (1) those whom you study should be a â€Å"culture† as that term is used in this class; (2) the culture should be sufficiently different from you for the encounter to be considered intercultural; and, (3) access to the culture should be relatively easy. You will submit the group proposal in which you will address these points to justify the culture of choice. Proposals Due on D2L: November 24, 2009 You’re in-class presentation (you will have approximately 25 minutes to give the presentation) should provide a description of the culture. Address the following: What are the beliefs, values, norms, and social practices of the culture? What is the culture’s influence on the communication of the members of that culture? Is there a difference between your perception of events and the perception of the members of the field study culture? Are there any special or unique uses of their verbal code? Any particular organizational patterns or persuasive styles? What specific nonverbal behaviors are common among members of this culture? Are social episodes and interpersonal relationships defined in a particular way in this culture? As part of your group presentation, you will outline the points addressed above and also briefly describe the process you as a group used to come to your descriptions. You will also submit a 9-10 page paper, double-spaced, describing the culture and your process. Address the following both in your paper and your presentation: Did you find yourself evaluating behavior when description would have been more helpful? What were your stereotypes of the culture before you began the field study? How did they influence your interactions? Did the stereotypes change? How? Did the members of the culture have stereotypes of you? How did you make sense of what you saw in this culture? Did you experience any of the symptoms of culture shock while in this culture? Every member of the group must participate in the in-class presentation. You may use any artifacts, diagrams, objects, etc., from your field study culture to assist you in the presentation. Presentations and papers are due December 10. Research Papers on Intercultural Group ProjectThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part One

Discovering the Culture of Inquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discovering the Culture of Inquiry - Essay Example The value of research studies, whereby new medicines along with control groups, are tested for various health symptoms at different dosage levels, and then added to a standardized repository, cannot be overstated enough. Nurses use theory-based practices in first interviewing and working with patients to record health issues which are compromising those patients, including their environments. From there, a nurse can utilize the same theory or add on another theory to complement and enhance a treatment program, based on research conducted through the hospital or clinic’s repository of clinical information (Allred, Smith & Flowers, 2004). The Cochrane Center in Oxford, England, along with the Cochrane Collaboration, is one of the largest repository of clinical information which can be accessed by medical personnel nearly everywhere in the world. This, along with nursing theory practices, and researching the latest proven methods of medical practice, provide the best foundation for both nurses and their patients in getting the help they need (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). Allred, S.K., Smith, K.F. & Flowers, L. (2004). Electronic Implementation of National Nursing Standards-NANDA, NOC and NIC as an Effective Teaching Tool. Journal of Healthcare Information Management, 18(4). Available at

Global Finance Law question on ( Money Laundering & Terrorists Finance Essay

Global Finance Law question on ( Money Laundering & Terrorists Finance ) - Essay Example The money can be laundered by using various methods that are usually varied and can also range in the sophistication from the simple processes to the complex ones. The government usually has lots of problems when combating the crime of money laundering. It has no association with the drama that is involved in the cases of robbery or any kind of fear that that is imprinted on the people’s physic through the violent crimes. However, money laundering usually takes place after a predicate crime that can be a house robbery, a housebreaking or a drug dealing that takes place at a particular place. It is usually perceived to be an invisible problem due to the lack of information about the money laundering that is available to the people on streets, hence making it more difficult to tackle and deal with by everyone who is affected by it in one way or the other. When money laundering is done successfully, it allows the criminals of the society to maintain their control over the proceed ings and also ultimately provides them a legitimate cover over their sources of income. It plays a fundamental role and facilitates the activities and the ambitions of the drug traffickers, the terrorists, the insider dealers, the organized criminals, the people involved in the tax evasion along with many others who seek to avoid particular attentions from various people. The people who are not involved directly but do it by being involved in one way or the other are benefitted from money laundering. It hides their work from the authorities and the work they have done as a reason for their sudden increase in wealth in a short span of time which comes from the illegal activities they are involved in for most of their time. The engagement of people in these activities makes sure that it works according to their hopes in order to place the proceeds beyond the reach of any restrictions laid by the authorities or the reach of any of the asset forfeiture laws. Money laundering can be look ed upon by taking in different situations to make the study more complex: Classic Money Laundering A person who has an illicit income is believed to be involved in classing money laundering. This person is usually a drug dealer, a jewel thief or a conman. Such a person is usually worried about that he will have to suffer from the Al Capone treatment and will be convicted of the tax evasion even if the government does not put any kind of the underlying criminal activity on the person in the given situations. Modern Money Laundering The other way in which a person can get involved in the money laundering process is when a person has some big lump of cash that a person makes sure that it is not known to other people in the neighborhood in the society. Most of the times, this is an effort to keep the income hidden from the income tax department people. The other goal that is associated is to make sure that the money keeps coming without the attention of any other person in the society w ho might claim their authority or their part on the money that is involved. For this kind of money laundering, the focus is on making the money disappear from the notice of other people. A person is usually tended to use the facilities of foreign banks and other shell companies so that all their money can be kept hidden and their work goes on without notice. Disappearing the Money The easiest and the quickest way of disappearing money for a person, especially when it is in the form of cash is to stash it in the

Global Communication and Propaganda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Communication and Propaganda - Essay Example A classical example is the use of the terms â€Å"collateral damage† during the Vietnam War. This approach was used as a way of distorting the fact that innocent people had been killed in the war zones or the notion that the warfare technology employed was unsophisticated (Vincent, 2006, p. 246). Image transfer refers to an attempt to tap positive public image portrayed by a concept or entity and share or transfer this publicity by associating with another product, group or program. The images or symbols are used with to create positive emotions surrounding the issue. The US employs this technique through advertising to transfer its cultural products across the globe through motion pictures, film, music, and fashion (Vincent, 2006, p. 247). Testimonial refers to the use of famous or familiar but unpopular individual to depict a product, group or program in a positive or negative manner. President George W. Bush used this technique on March 2012 accompanied by Bono, a U2 rock musician, in a speech delivered at the Inter-American Development Bank. This approach sought to garner support for his foreign policy and support (Vincent, 2006, p. 248). Plain folks are employed by communicators to convince their target audience that their ideas are valid or correct because they resonate with the views of other commonplace citizens. President Bush Jr., used the image of the image of the â€Å"Mission Accomplished† photo following the successful duty in Iraqi to depict the notion of a commander in chief that is fully in control (Vincent, 2006, p. 250). Card stacking employs selective presentation of facts, misrepresentation of information and a combination of confusing, logical and illogical statements with the intention of hiding the truth from the audience and discouraging informed decision-making. Hitler employed the â€Å"Big Lie† approach in attributing the defeat of Nazi Germany in the First World War by the Jews to the influence of the media (Vincent, 2006,

Professional development as an occupational therapist

Professional development as an occupational therapist The concept of reflection in learning is not new. It can be traced back as far as Aristotles discussions of practical judgement and moral action in his Ethics (Grundy 1982 cited in Boud et al 2005a P11). In 1933, Dewy stated that there were two kinds of experiential process leading to learning. The first process was trial and error and the second was that of reflective activity which involved the perception of relationships and connections between the parts of the experience.'(Boud et al 2005a P12). He explained reflection as a learning loop, continually feeding back and forth between the experience and the situation. (Boud et al 2005a). In more recent times (1980s), reflective practice has been introduced and divided into three core components: Things that happen to a person, the reflective process that learning has occurred and the action that was taken from this new perspective (Jasper 2003 p2). These can be summarised as experience-reflection-action cycle (ERA) and is a way that learning from experience can be understood and developed. Kolb (1984 cited in Jasper 2003) developed an experiential learning cycle which has been suggested to be the most effective way of learning from our experiences by linking theory to practice: Observation- Something that has happened to you Or that you have done Action Reflection reviewing event or experience in your mind Concept development/theorising- Understanding what happened (Kolbs experiential learning cycle 1984, cited in Jasper 2003 p3) As illustrated, reflection is an important part of the learning loop. Another significant part of reflection is that the process of learning continues so that the learner changes from Actor to Observer, from specific involvement to general analytic detachment creating a new experience to reflect and conceptualize at each stage (Moon 2005 p25). It has been suggested that reflection itself can be identified into two types of ways reflection-on-action and reflection-in-action (Schon 1983). Reflection-in-action is reflecting while doing the action, which occurs subconsciously, instinctively and unconsciously, often seen in the more experienced practitioner who can monitor and adapt their practice simultaneously. Reflecting-on-action involves thinking about action after it has occurred, often seen in novice practitioners who need to step back and think about the situation over in their minds. (Finaly 2004) Another style of reflection is Gibbs reflective cycle. It has characteristics of all other strategies/ frameworks for reflection that have been developed. However, Gibbs cycle stops at the stage of action and therefore does not provide a way to close the cycle or move to reflective practice in terms of taking action (Jasper 2003). This is because Gibbs framework had its foundations from an education context as opposed to a practice one: Description (what happened) Action plan Feelings (if it arose again (what were you what would you do) thinking and feeling) Reflective cycle Conclusion Evaluation (What else could (what was good you have done) bad) Description (what do you make of the situation) Gibbs reflective cycle (1988, cited in Jasper 2003 p77) Chris Johns model of structured reflection was developed in the 1990s. It has gone through many changes and the 1994 version is the easiest to use when beginning reflective practice. Johns says that the model: consists of a series of questions which aim to tune the practitioner into her experiences in a structured and meaningful way. It emerged as a natural sequence through which practitioners explored their experience in supervision (Jasper 2003 p84). The focus of Johns model is about making us aware of the knowledge that we use in practice. This is taken as a core question, which is explored through five cue questions, that are further divided into detailed questions: description of the experience, reflection, influencing factors, could I have dealt with the situation better and learning (Jasper 2003 p85). The framework is presented in appendix one. Many people have defined reflection, Johns (2009 p3) defined reflection as Learning through our everyday experiences towards realising ones vision of desirable practice as a lived reality. It is a critical and reflexive process of self-inquiry and transformation of being and becoming the practitioner you desire to be. Furthermore, Boud et al (2005a p18) suggested that reflection is a form of response of the learner to experience. Where experience is the response of a person to a situation or event e.g. feelings, thoughts, actions and finishes at the time or immediately thereafter. The situation or event could be a course or an unplanned reason in daily life. It could be influenced by something external or an internal or evolve from discomfort. Reid (1993 p305) proposes that reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice There are many positive uses to reflecting on practice. Johns (2009 p15) suggests that the positive uses of reflection encourages the expression, acceptance and understanding of feelings .He suggests that feelings of negativity can be looked into and turned into positive ones in order to understand future situations and learn new ways of responding. Furthermore he suggests that reflection is empowering, which in the end will lead to desirable practice. Boud et al (2005b p11) suggested that In the case of reflecting on learning, firstly only learners themselves can learn and only they can reflect on their own experiences. Boud et al suggest that teachers can support reflection, but only have access to thoughts and feelings by what individuals decide to reveal about themselves. Therefore the learner is in total control. Secondly, reflection is a purposeful activity directed toward a goal and lastly the reflective process where both feelings and thoughts are interconnected and interactive. Negative feelings, can form major barriers toward learning. Positive feelings and emotions can improve the learning process, keeping the learner on the task and providing a stimulus for new learning. (Boud et al 2005b p11) Reflection can be used to support occupational therapy (O.T) principles and values, continuous professional development (C.P.D), ethical, legal and professional codes of conducts/standards of practice and it has suggested to be a core process competent, essential to O.T practice (Bossers et al 1999 p116). The College of Occupational Therapist incorporate the benefits of reflective practice in their learning strategies (McClure 2004). Reflection aids professional practice and the importance of this ensures high standards of care and is shown in documents such as A Vision for the Future (Department of Health 1993).This is also shown in the Professional Standards of Practice (2007) which states that O.Ts should maintain high standards of competence of knowledge, skills and behaviour (standard 4 professional development and lifelong learning and standard 1 service quality and governance) Ethically, lifelong learning and professional competence (standard 5.4 and 5.1) state that O.Ts shall continuously maintain high standards of knowledge, skills and behaviour and be responsible for maintaining and developing their personal and professional competence. (College of Occupational Therapists 2005). Reflection is also an important part of continuous professional development (Fish Twinn 1997, cited in Martin Wheatley 2008) and is now a requirement for registration to practice, as is evidence based practice which is an ethical and professional imperative (Duncan 2006 p8). The O.T Codes of Ethics states that O.Ts shall be responsible for maintaining evidence of their continuing professional development (College of Occupational Therapists Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2005, 5.3) therefore, this can be done through reflection. New learning and continuous professional development depend on how skilfully you can reflect on your and others practice, to gain new insights, see new relationships, make new discoveries and make explicit the new learning that occurs (Aslop 2004 p114). Any new knowledge learnt from the experience will be saved for future reference for when similar situations arise. (Aslop 2004 p115) To demonstrate reflective practice, In the following reflective account, I am going to use Johns model of reflective structure (1994) mixed with Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) and will be reflecting-on-action (Schon 1983). I feel both are extremely valuable models and help to express different ideas/feelings in different ways at different points. Other models I could have used are Goodmans levels of reflection (1984), Bortons development framework (1970) and Fish et al strands of reflection (1991). A mix of both Gibbs reflective cycle with Johns model of structured reflection, will combine theoretical reflection and practice environment. Johns model is helpful in having cue questions. It provides personal awareness of ourselves, our knowledge and actions .It asks what you could do rather than what you will do (Jasper 2003 p98). Gibbs reflective cycle provides a good framework for the reflective process e.g. learning by reflecting on an event and usually away from the scene of practice. It encourages a good description of the situation, looks at feelings and the experience, concludes where other options are considered and if the situation arose again, what you would do differently. The following narrative describes a critical incident that had a significant effect on me which made me stop and think and raised questions. This incident was the role of occupational therapists (O.Ts) within social care and the impact of this upon a service users journey. The names within this narrative have been changed to protect the innocent. The role of O.T and Social worker have been combined within social care producing the title Self Directed Support Practitioners (SDS practitioners) Occupational therapy as a new profession is facing new challenges from the introduction of the Health Professions Council. The council want greater integration of health and social care provision and the College of Occupational Therapists is preparing for these changes by seeking to refocus the organisations of the work of the O.Ts by its strategic document from interface to integration (Dimond 2004 P397). Hence the role of an S.D.S practitioner. Brian was a 60 year old man, who lived in a bungalow on his own; with no outside help e.g. care packages or adaptations. His daughter visited him on regular occasions to take him shopping, to appointments and check on his health. Brian was admitted to hospital due to a fall last year whilst using the toilet. The nearby hospital released him about 2 months ago after he spent a few nights there. His daughter reported that Brian was still having problems with self-care, cooking and general mobility. An S.D.S practitioner and myself carried out a home visit on Brian. We received a referral from Brians daughter regarding his health and ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Upon assessment of Brian, we found that he used the sink (which seemed to be coming off the wall) to aid standing from the toilet. His mobility was generally good but had difficulties raising and lowing himself in and out of the bath and rising his legs over the lip. He had slight problems in the kitchen due to mild arthritis when opening cans and jars, lifting heavy equipment and gripping cutlery. Brians mood and motivation was very low and he seemed angry at life in general. His daughter said she could not cope with looking after Brian anymore and needed help with this. She also seemed very low in mood and appeared stressed. When we assessed Brian, I was unsure and slightly confused how to assess in an S.D.S way. I was thinking about my O.T values and beliefs and how I could incorporate these within the assessment. This would involve me assessing in a holistic way, promoting independence, empowering and motivating him as well as using activity as a therapeutic tool. I was unsure how to implement social work values as they seemed to clash with my own, for example I found it difficult to establish when it would be appropriate to provide care packages. This made me feel extremely confused and concerned that I was not providing the best service for Brian when carrying out the assessment and going against my professional ethics of respecting autonomy (decision-making of service user), beneficence (benefits of treatment against risks and cost), non maleficence (do no harm) and justice (distributing benefits, risks and costs fairly) (Butler Creek 2008) Overall I was trying to achieve independence for Brian with the least amount of equipment and help necessary. When assessing Brian in the bathroom, whilst he was sitting on a bath board and using a grab rail, he managed to lift his legs over the side of the bath and had good sitting balance. His toilet transfers needed support, so we offered a toilet frame to aid this. When assessing his kitchen abilities, Brian struggled to lift heavy pots and pans and filling the kettle. He also had difficulty gripping cutlery and standing for periods of time when preparing food. The S.D.S practitioner suggested meals on wheels to overcome the problems Brian faced in the kitchen. Throughout the assessment Brian was not very happy and laughed at his capabilities. He became very angry when we suggested that he used the equipment provided and he mentioned that he wanted a wet room and why could he not have one of these, as his friends had one fitted not that long ago. We explained sensitively that funding would not allow this and he was very capable of transferring safely with the equipment in place. This made me think about funding and O.Ts values and beliefs, which in turn made me feel unhappy as Brian could not have something he wanted and personally I can understand how comforting and aesthetically pleasing this would be. However installing a wet room could reduce Brains mobility, as he would no longer need to lift legs over the edge of the bath, maintain unsupported sitting balance and therefore would lose those skill. Therefore this idea would go against my O.T and personal beliefs. Also due to funding he was not eligible for such a major adaptation. The outcome of the event was not very good. Brian refused equipment and care packages and became angry. That made me feel sad as I wanted to help Brian, to live an independent life as possible and reduce the dependence upon his daughter. Due to Brian declining the equipment, we had to record and have him sign that he understood the risks of this. Looking back at the event, I feel maybe I could have convinced Brian further to accept the equipment and care packages suggested. Although the care packages conflicted with my O.T and personal values, as they take away independence, skills and the use of activity as a therapeutic tool; I can see a place for these with extremely impaired individuals. In Brians case I would have suggested adapting equipment within the kitchen, such as grips for cutlery, automatic tin openers, a kettle tipper and a perching stool. The emotions I went through during this experience were anxiety, excitement, and inquisitiveness during the start of the event, followed by sadness toward the end. The most important emotion for me was sadness. I feel that I can learn and grow from this, to tackle the situation differently next time. To evaluate, the good aspects of the experience was the enormous opportunities for continuous professional development as the role of O.T continues to grow. I also feel my understanding of O.T, social work, clinical reasoning and inter-personal/professional skills have been developed. I also feel more confident if I were ever to be in this situation again to promote and air my values and beliefs. However, I feel that the role of an S.D.S practitioner causes confusion, loss of role identity and crossing over of professional boundaries. The S.D.S practitioners themselves were not happy with this title and their role which caused problems within multidisciplinary teams. Although I feel not a lot went well, I believe if I had been more confident to contribute my O.T knowledge it would have aided the situation. The S.D.S. practitioner that I was with managed to balance out the professions well, but I feel provision of adapted equipment should have been encouraged. Her style of reasoning was perhaps due to little knowledge of O.T and herself coming from a social work background. I am now more prepared for the role of an S.D.S. practitioner. If carried out again I would definitely gain more insight into the values and beliefs of social workers and be more vocal about my O.T ones. I would have tried to encourage Brian to take the equipment and explained more as to why this was important. Perhaps reasoning with him that it was important for him not to lose his existing skills i.e. use it or lose it. I have learnt that theory; personal, professional standards, values and beliefs, ethics and legal issues often influence practice. I have learnt the importance of reflecting in order to develop myself professionally and personally. My needs in order to develop my professional practice at this stage of my career are huge. I mainly need to develop my knowledge, communication skills, professional skills and clinically reasoning skills. I have also learnt the role which I play within a team and according to Belbins team roles (2010), I am a monitor-evaluator mixed with team worker. This means I try to see all the options and judge accurately, working co-operatively sensitively and diplomatically (Belbin 2010). In general, looking back over the situation, the role of an S.D.S practitioner promotes big ethical issues. In the code of ethics It states that O.Ts can only provided services in which they have been taught to do so (5.1) and that O.Ts shall recognise the need for multi-professional collaboration but not undertake work that is deemed to be outside the scope of O.T. (5.3) (College of Occupational Therapists Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2005). Also ethically, are you doing good, doing no harm, promoting autonomy and justice (Butler Creek 2008) by working in such a manner? Am I affecting the service users human rights on freedom of thought, expression or conscience? (article 9 10) (Butler Creek 2008). Other issues that are concerned with S.D.S practitioner work is when working in such a way there is no team liability (every professional is accountable for their own actions and cannot blame the team for negligence which has lead to harm), no defence of inexperience (the patient is entitled to the reasonable standard of care whoever provides the treatment), determination of competence (carried out by competent colleagues or external assessors), refusal to undertake activities outside scope of competence (no O.T should undertake activities which are outside the scope of her professional practice) (Dimond 2004 P112). To conclude, reflection can identify learning needs, and new learning opportunities. It can illustrate ways in which we learn best, differently and new courses of action toward an event. Reflection can help solve problems supporting personal and professional development and offers an escape from general practice. Reflection shows us the cost of our actions, reveals our competences to others and achievements to ourselves. From observations, reflection lets us build on our theory, helping us to make decisions or resolve doubt and empower or release ourselves as individuals (Jasper 2003). However, reflective practice has been criticised for its lack of definition, modes of implementation and its unproven benefit (Mackintosh 1998 cited in Johns 2009 p22). Platzer et al (2000, cited in Johns 2009 p22) noted that students may be opposed to to reflection that would involve talking about themselves. This was also highlighted by Cotton (2001 cited in Johns 2009 p22) who suggests that reflection becomes a type of surveillance, assessment and control. Appendix One Johns Model of Structured Reflection. Core question what information do I need in order to learn through this experience? Cue questions (Jasper 2003) 1. Description of experience Phenomenon Casual Context Clarifying 2. Reflection What am I trying to attain Why did I get involved as I did What were the cost of my actions for: myself, family, patient, colleagues Feelings about experiences Patients feelings How do I know how the patient felt 3. Influencing factors Internal influences on decision-making External influences on decision-making What knowledge influenced decision making 4. How differently could I have dealt with the situation Choices available Consequences of choices 5. learning Feeling about experiences The sense made of this experiences thinking of past and future practice How experience changed my ways of knowing empirics, aesthetics, ethics and personal

Essay --

Orthodox Catholics - Orthodox Catholics are the most devout members of the Catholic Church. They adhere to the Church’s teachings rigorously by regularly participating in Church practices and rituals such as attending mass and other catholic ceremonies. They are fully immersed in the institutional life of the Church. Their Catholic identity is publicly manifested in their social, political, and economic life. Their social structure is almost entirely based around the church’s teachings, as well as immersing themselves around people who have the same strong catholic beliefs as themselves. It is likely that if conflict occurred between the Church’s teachings, family, work or social life, that the orthodox members will favour with the church. This was seen during the church’s child abuse scandals in 2009, members of the Catholic Church who didn’t have rigorously strict catholic beliefs tended to move away from the church after the scandals however the orthodox members remained loyal to the church. Orthodox Christians prevailed through Ireland from 1880-1990’s. Now however it is often regarded as just a ‘stereotypical viewpoint of Irish Catholism’ or something that is linked with previous generations. There has been a significant orthodox Catholics have also disappeared from the fields of education, health, and social welfare. DISAGREE ON ISSUES SUCH AS--- PROTESTS. Creative Catholics - The concept of creative catholic is used to describe Catholics who no longer strictly adhere to the Catholic Church’s teachings but rather choose which beliefs, teachings, and practices of the church to adhere to and which to ignore. Creative Catholics often attend church and receive the Holy Communion but disagree on the church’s strict teachings towa... ...re more open to debate and discussion. Yet they are not open to changing their religion. Being Catholic is like some indelible mark that they have accepted and have no desire to change. It is a coat they have always worn and feel comfortable in; they do not look for any other, because, in their eyes, no other coat would fit or suit their needs. Cultural Catholics appear happy to bring up their children as Catholics and to send them to Catholic schools. They may have lost some confidence in the Church because of the scandals concerning the sexual abuse of children by priests and brothers, but they like the rituals and celebrations that surround baptisms, First Holy Communions, Confirmations, weddings, and funerals. Even those who rarely give much time or thought to the Church would find it difficult to forego these events or to celebrate them in a Protestant church.

Classical music Essay

It is Saturday March 1 2008 and I have woken with an excited feeling in my stomach. Today, I am being treated to something I have never experienced before and I am looking forward to what is in store. My father, is taking me to a classical concert. I am 18 years old and big band music is not really my style, I appreciate music but of the modern variety rather than the old school kind. My father loves classical music and plays it constantly in his study. His favourite composer is Leonard Bernstein so it is today, with great animation, he is taking me to encounter his love of this music. We are attending the Waukegan Concert Chorus which is at 624 Douglas Ave, Illinois, the concert is a tribute to Bernstein & Williams; namely, In Remembrance of Bernstein & Williams. My father assures me that although my liking of music may not be to his taste, I will go away from the concert feeling uplifted and appreciative of what I have heard. Our journey takes us to Waukegan during the early evening and as we approach the venue I can feel a buzz in the air. Other attendees are heading towards the seating area and as my father and I locate where we are sitting, I am somewhat satisfied that we have seats near to the front. My father explained in the car, on the way, even though it is the music you are listening to, it is also just as important to watch the performance. Before me is a huge orchestra; perhaps the biggest I have ever seen, not that I have seen many. There is a plethora of various noises coming from the ensemble and as each musician tunes in their instrument and plays small excerpts from their music stand, it is perhaps unbelievable that any kind of harmony will occur at all. However, the moment the conductor enters the room, there is an eerie silence, almost as if someone had turned the musicians off by a control button. The conductor is a gentleman who turns to his audience and bows his head, turning and repeating this gesture to his orchestra. As the first piece of music is played I feel myself vibrating with the enormity of the noise. For many years I have heard my father’s classical records being played from behind the study door but to be present at a live performance was truly exhilarating. One of my favourites in terms of familiarity was West Side Story. The introduction sounded amazing; upbeat and vibrant, the instruments seemed almost alive. Even closing my eyes, which I actually did, I could hear each piece of equipment as it was used. The brass and woodwind instrumentalists brought intrigue and manoeuvre to the story of the piece being played whilst the drums added the extra element of spirit in the arrangement. Despite the variety of instruments played and the different roles they played within the piece, the unity came together with such an intensity, I was taken aback by its impact. The formation and structure of the concert allowed me to lose myself within the music, it was almost as if I were watching the musical itself. This perhaps was the purpose of the concert itself, it worked with an effortless outcome. As the flutes and violins played ‘I Feel Pretty’, I felt almost compelled to stand up and sing as the notes poured through the air. The tempo was light in places and amplified in others; the exaggeration of drama was as apparent as the subtlety of tenderness applied to the nature of the story. Its volume was deafening yet tolerable as each instrument alerted itself naturally within the composition. On occasion I did look around at other spectators, like moths to a flame, transfixed faces and total satisfaction and appreciation of what was before and around them. I did relate to this. As the concert came to an end, I did feel somewhat saddened that it was all over. The climax of the music was a crescendo of brilliance and I am pleased to say, my father’s original prediction of how I would feel, was absolutely correct. I felt euphoric and inspired by such a performance. I had attended the concert with an open mind and allowed myself to absorb the instruments intentions; I felt all the raw emotions of West Side Story and even the pieces of music played I had heard for the first time, still brought me a sense of appreciation.

A Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators

A Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators An economic indicator is simply any economic statistic, such as the unemployment rate, GDP, or the inflation rate, which indicate how well the economy is doing and how well the economy is going to do in the future. As shown in the article How Markets Use Information To Set Prices investors use all the information at their disposal to make decisions. If a set of economic indicators suggest that the economy is going to do better or worse in the future than they had previously expected, they may decide to change their investing strategy. To understand economic indicators, we must understand the ways in which economic indicators differ. There are three major attributes each economic indicator has: Three Attributes of Economic Indicators Relation to the Business Cycle / EconomyEconomic Indicators can have one of three different relationships to the economy:Procyclic: A procyclic (or procyclical) economic indicator is one that moves in the same direction as the economy. So if the economy is doing well, this number is usually increasing, whereas if were in a recession this indicator is decreasing. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an example of a procyclic economic indicator.Countercyclic: A countercyclic (or countercyclical) economic indicator is one that moves in the opposite direction as the economy. The unemployment rate gets larger as the economy gets worse so it is a countercyclic economic indicator.Acyclic: An acyclic economic indicator is one that has no relation to the health of the economy and is generally of little use. The number of home runs the Montreal Expos hit in a year generally has no relationship to the health of the economy, so we could say it is an acyclic economic indicator.Frequency of the Dat aIn most countries, GDP figures are released quarterly (every three months) while the unemployment rate is released monthly. Some economic indicators, such as the Dow Jones Index, are available immediately and change every minute. TimingEconomic Indicators can be leading, lagging, or coincident which indicates the timing of their changes relative to how the economy as a whole changes.Three Timing Types of Economic IndicatorsLeading: Leading economic indicators are indicators which change before the economy changes. Stock market returns are a leading indicator, as the stock market usually begins to decline before the economy declines and they improve before the economy begins to pull out of a recession. Leading economic indicators are the most important type for investors as they help predict what the economy will be like in the future.Lagged: A lagged economic indicator is one that does not change direction until a few quarters after the economy does. The unemployment rate is a lagged economic indicator as unemployment tends to increase for 2 or 3 quarters after the economy starts to improve.Coincident: A coincident economic indicator is one that simply moves at the same time the economy does. The Gross Domest ic Product is a coincident indicator. Â   Many different groups collect and publish economic indicators, but the most important American collection of economic indicators is published by the United States Congress. Their Economic Indicators are published monthly and are available for download in PDF and TEXT formats. The indicators fall into seven broad categories: Total Output, Income, and SpendingEmployment, Unemployment, and WagesProduction and Business ActivityPricesMoney, Credit, and Security MarketsFederal FinanceInternational Statistics Each of the statistics in these categories helps create a picture of the performance of the economy and how the economy is likely to do in the future. Total Output, Income, and Spending These tend to be the broadest measures of economic performance and include such statistics as: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [quarterly]Real GDP [quarterly]Implicit Price Deflator for GDP [quarterly]Business Output [quarterly]National Income [quarterly]Consumption Expenditure [quarterly]Corporate Profits[quarterly]Real Gross Private Domestic Investment[quarterly] The Gross Domestic Product is used to measure economic activity and thus is both procyclical and a coincident economic indicator. The Implicit Price Deflator is a measure of inflation. Inflation is procyclical as it tends to rise during booms and falls during periods of economic weakness. Measures of inflation are also coincident indicators. Consumption and consumer spending are also procyclical and coincident. Employment, Unemployment, and Wages These statistics cover how strong the labor market is and they include the following: The Unemployment Rate [monthly]Level of Civilian Employment[monthly]Average Weekly Hours, Hourly Earnings, and Weekly Earnings[monthly]Labor Productivity [quarterly] The unemployment rate is a lagged, countercyclical statistic. The level of civilian employment measures how many people are working so it is procyclic. Unlike the unemployment rate, it is a coincident economic indicator. Production and Business Activity These statistics cover how much businesses are producing and the level of new construction in the economy: Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization [monthly]New Construction [monthly]New Private Housing and Vacancy Rates [monthly]Business Sales and Inventories [monthly]Manufacturers Shipments, Inventories, and Orders [monthly] Changes in business inventories is an important leading economic indicator as they indicate changes in consumer demand. New construction including new home construction is another procyclical leading indicator which is watched closely by investors. A slowdown in the housing market during a boom often indicates that a recession is coming, whereas a rise in the new housing market during a recession usually means that there are better times ahead. Prices This category includes both the prices consumers pay as well as the prices businesses pay for raw materials and include: Producer Prices [monthly]Consumer Prices [monthly]Prices Received And Paid By Farmers [monthly] These measures are all measures of changes in the price level and thus measure inflation. Inflation is procyclical and a coincident economic indicator. Money, Credit, and Security Markets These statistics measure the amount of money in the economy as well as interest rates and include: Money Stock (M1, M2, and M3) [monthly]Bank Credit at All Commercial Banks [monthly]Consumer Credit [monthly]Interest Rates and Bond Yields [weekly and monthly]Stock Prices and Yields [weekly and monthly] Nominal interest rates are influenced by inflation, so like inflation, they tend to be procyclical and a coincident economic indicator. Stock market returns are also procyclical but they are a leading indicator of economic performance. Federal Finance These are measures of government spending and government deficits and debts: Federal Receipts (Revenue)[yearly]Federal Outlays (Expenses) [yearly]Federal Debt [yearly] Governments generally try to stimulate the economy during recessions and to do so they increase spending without raising taxes. This causes both government spending and government debt to rise during a recession, so they are countercyclical economic indicators. They tend to be coincident to the business cycle. International Trade These are a measure of how much the country is exporting and how much they are importing: Industrial Production and Consumer Prices of Major Industrial CountriesU.S. International Trade In Goods and ServicesU.S. International Transactions When times are good people tend to spend more money on both domestic and imported goods. The level of exports tends not to change much during the business cycle. So the balance of trade (or net exports) is countercyclical as imports outweigh exports during boom periods. Measures of international trade tend to be coincident economic indicators. While we cannot predict the future perfectly, economic indicators help us understand where we are and where we are going.