Benefits And Limitations When Prevention Providers Are...

There are many benefits and limitations when prevention providers are looking for successful programs. The National Institute on Drug Abuse, or NIDA, provides a large research-based guide of the most effective prevention programs. This research should be the number one tool when looking into different types of programs, although it does not include every single program. A common problem in the prevention field consists of registries missing important strategies, including environmental approaches. These approaches may not benefit the individual directly, but the community. These strategies may or may not be effective, and that is why the NIDA does not feel the need to change these strategies. In order to avoid another program that just â€Å"does not work†, a system called the Best Available Research Evidence enables health practitioners, researchers, and policy-makers, to determine whether or not a prevention program may work, or if it is even achieving its intended outcome. In order to compel the research evidence, a rigorous study must be completed. Many forms of evidence must be recognized as a crucial part of the development of the prevention program. It must maintain an evidence-based decision which occurs when the best available research evidence is combined with contextual and experiential evidence from community data and field-based expertise. The different types of evidence are used in decision making and play an important role within substance abuse. The process ofShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Fall Prevention Program1400 Words   |  6 PagesFall Prevention Program Employers are continuing to face rising health benefit costs and are constantly looking for alternatives to control these escalating costs. Health benefit premiums continue to increase at a double digit pace for employers and employees (Poor, Ross Tollen, 2004). This escalation is putting environmental pressures on all impacted stakeholders, including insurance and health care providers. Companies and insurance providers are squeezing this industry to get a handle onRead MoreThe Affordable Health Care Act1811 Words   |  8 Pages In the primary care setting, it is difficult to maintain quality care for patients with chronic conditions. Many limitations to quality care include: decreased availability of team members, time management, and individual care planning. This has been an evolving and neglected problem in the United States’ healthcare system for a number of years. This problem will be evident looking through the background of the problem, providing evidence for p olicy changes needed, showing clinical implicationsRead MoreSubstance Abuse Prevention Field Of Prevention Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagesspecializing in the field of prevention. These include funding, having enough time for both the students and teachers, and the overall effectiveness of the program. The most successful way to create a superior program will include looking at the more effective strategies within the substance abuse prevention field. Tips will need to be provided to parents and the creators of the programs, while discussing the future of substance abuse as seen by the leaders of its programs. A growing number of AmericansRead MoreQuality Improvement And Health Care Delivery System1657 Words   |  7 Pagesmethods in order to achieve sustainable improvement and quality health care services. In using standard and systematic change methods and strategies can promote improvement that resulted better patient experiences and outcomes that requires changing provider behavior and organization structure (Ovrerveit, J. 2009). To achieve a better result in quality improvement (QI), organization leadership and standardized policies are vital to success. The Interview Quality laboratory management officer ensuresRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Prescription Medication Essay2189 Words   |  9 Pageslife-threatening and even led to death.7 Medication discrepancies often occur when patients have a lack of understanding of discharge medication plans, inadequate literacy to understand the dismissal notes, become nonadherent to medication regimen, and/or experience adverse drug events.8, 11 Expanding community pharmacists’ involvement in post-discharge TOC and improving communication will benefit patients, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system through decreased hospital readmission, medicationRead MoreHealth And Welfare Of The United States Essay1855 Words   |  8 Pagesresults in serious complications and ultimately death (National Diabetes Education Program, 2007). Type-two diabetes however, occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin or make use of insulin the body produces effectively. It has been diagnosed in all sha des of the U.S. population, and Hispanics are nearly as twice (12.8%) to have diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites (7.6%) (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Hispanics are disproportionately afflicted with diabetes compared withRead MoreReducing Healthcare Cost5621 Words   |  23 PagesMANAGEMENT PROGRAMS Healthcare costs in the United States are on a continual rise with no relief on the horizon. As the population ages and lifestyles differ from one individual to the next, healthcare third party payers such as commercial insurance plans, employee health benefit plans, the Medicare program and state Medicaid programs are searching for strategies to lower the costs associated with providing healthcare benefits to their beneficiaries. Disease management programs are emergingRead MoreLgbt Substance Abuse Treatment Best Practices2822 Words   |  12 Pagespopulations led to an inquiry regarding LGBT substance abuse and best practices. What was interesting in looking through the existing research is that there is really not a huge breadth of information out there regarding the LGBT population in relation to substance abuse and best practices. The importance of this subject was made apparent by the lack of concrete evidence for particular models of treatment when working with the LGBT co mmunity as a whole. Due to the lack of LGBT specific treatment evidenceRead MoreCloud Computing : Using Remote Network Servers Via The Internet2195 Words   |  9 Pagescloud and cloud hosting companies themselves must be extremely vigilant about their staff. This is usually done through pre-employment background checks and supervision of newer employees. Other security methods may include awareness and training programs, proactive security, disciplinary procedures and contractual obligations, service level agreements, codes of conduct, policies etc. Server security Security for a cloud server on a software level is only effective if the right type defences areRead MoreVentilater Associated Pneumonia6194 Words   |  25 Pagesi VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA: EDUCATION AND PREVENTION A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE BY MEGHAN CROCKETT BSN, RN, CMSRN DR. NAGIA ALI - ADVISOR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, IN DECEMBER 2011 Table of Contents Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.....i Abstract.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.iii Chapter I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

President William McKinley - 2099 Words

â€Å"The march of events rules and overrules human action,† William McKinley’s own words would soon become foretelling for his presidency. On September 6, 1901, at the Pan American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York, President William McKinley reached for another handshake two large bangs interrupted the buzz of voices in the Temple of Music. Eight days later, William McKinley died from his wounds. McKinley’s untimely death shocked the nation and created many changes in the United States as a whole. How and why McKinley was assassinated and what changes occurred due to the death of the President. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843, in Niles, Ohio. At age ten, he moved with his family to Poland, Ohio. William Jr. was the seventh of eight children. His father owned a small iron foundry which gave young William a strong work ethic and a respectful attitude. William’s mother, Nancy, taught him the value of prayer, courtesy, and honesty in all relations. Education in William’s early years consisted of attending a school run by the Methodist seminary in his hometown of Poland, Ohio. After graduation he attended Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania for only one term due to illness after his fight with depression and financial difficulties in the family. Financial troubles within the family made it impossible for William to go back to school, forcing him to take a job as a postal clerk and later a teaching position at a school near his home in Poland, Ohio.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Mckinley s President Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam McKinley took office as the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897 at age fifty four. McKinley served in office for 4 years 6 months. William McKinley was born in the Trumbull County January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio (Washington Times). William McKinley was assassinated September 14th, 1901 by Leon Czolgosz. Everyone thought for a while he was g oing to have a full recovery from being shot but he ended up with gangrene. Czolgosz last words consisted of, him saying he killed theRead MoreWilliam Mckinley, A Man Of Great Integrity And One Of The Most Beloved American Presidents1120 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam McKinley, a man of great integrity and one of the most beloved American presidents, altered the nation for the better between the years of 1897 and 1901 and his feats continue to affect our lives today. It was the election of 1896. Amongst an abysmal economic depression, Republican William McKinley was nominated for presidency by Marcus Alonzo Hanna opposing the evangelical democrat, William Jennings Bryan. In 1876, McKinley was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party’sRead MoreThe Spanish American War in 18981256 Words   |  5 PagesLà ´me, the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, to Don Josà © Canelejas, the Foreign Minister of Spain. This letter described Seà ±or Don Enrigue Dupuy de Là ´me opinion on the Spanish involvement in Cuba and President William McKinley’s foreign policy. This letter described President McKinley as a â€Å"weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.† This letterRead MoreWhat Is Campaign Finance Reform?1342 Words   |  6 Pagesand parties will be put to it t o fill their coffers by really voluntary contributions. 1905: The 1904 presidential campaign  Ã¢â‚¬Å"crystallized popular sentiment† on the subject of money and politics. In his message to Congress after being elected, President Theodore Roosevelt invoked the power â€Å"to protect the integrity of the elections of its own officials [as] inherent† in government, and called for â€Å"vigorous measures to eradicate† perceived political corruption, for he found â€Å"no enemy of free governmentRead MoreThe True Cause to the Spanish-American War548 Words   |  2 Pagesimperialist sentiments inherent to American society of the late 19th century, as it was driven nearly entirely by jingoism and a large degree of sensationalism. When examining this war, many often conclude that it was the result of the pressure placed on McKinley by multiple expansionists within Washington - that such men as Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge were, perhaps, the primary cause for this imperialist endeavour. However, upon deeper insp ection it appears to be that such men can not be notedRead MoreGreat Britain And The United States1062 Words   |  5 Pagescomparison of key components. William McKinley, 25th President of the United States Humble Beginnings William McKinley came from humble roots. It easy to suggest that he was the all American boy who lived the all American Dream. Born in 1843 the seventh child of a close-knit two parent working class family. McKinley was raised in Ohio in a very religious, pro abolition, whiggish environment which was typical of the era and the region of the nation at that time. William McKinley planned as a young man toRead MoreThe Battle Of The Uss Maine1458 Words   |  6 PagesOn April 19th, 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. Over the next three months the United States, along with Cuban Rebels waged war against the Spanish forces in hopes of returning the Cuban lands back to its people. President McKinley who was pressured into war by yellow press, sent American forces into battle which ultimately led to the birth of a western hemispheric super power, the United States. The sinking of the USS Maine, the use of yellow press journalism, and the national uproarRead MoreWilliam Mckinl ey And The Civil War1270 Words   |  6 Pages William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. As being born and raised in the United States, he met two of the qualifications to run for President. Although education is not a requirement to run for president, McKinley went to school that was run by a Methodist seminary in his hometown of Ohio. After McKinley completed that, he went to Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania in 1860. William attended Allegheny for only one term because of his financial problems. When theRead More William McKinley Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages William McKinley 25th President of the United States. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio, a town of about 300 people. He was the 7th child born to William and Nancy Alison McKinley His family moved to Poland, Ohio when he was nine years old so that the children could go to a private school called the Poland Academy. In school William liked to read, debate, and he was the president of the school’s first debate club. When he was 16 he went to Allegheny College in MeadvilleRead MoreWilliam Mckinley, A Influential Leader For Making The United States1734 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam McKinley, creditable for being a prominent leader for making the United States a better place and changing the life for American people. He is noted for his success in moving the country forward through the tariffs that he had put in place, the establishment of the gold standard, the victory of the Spanish American war, and importance of foreign policy. William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio with his dad, William Sr. McKinley, his mom, Nancy McKinley, and 7 siblings. William was enrolled

There is not one word apt final Free Essays

Shakespeare uses the antics of Oberon and Puck at the forefront of this comedy, using the â€Å"juice† to make everyone fall in love, however they err due to their arrogance as Oberon vaguely describes Demerits by â€Å"by the Athenian garments he hath on†. The iambic meter indicates these characters are powerful, yet their actions are unintelligent: the concept of incompetent leadership is a humorous stereotype, frequently used in dramatic comedy. Here, however, the joke is mocking power, or rather who we give power to, as Shakespeare portrays Oberon as using his power recklessly. We will write a custom essay sample on There is not one word apt final or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason Oberon and Puck start squeezing the juice on the lovers is that the character overheard â€Å"A sweet Athenian girl† and a â€Å"disdainful youth†, and so, in the guise of trying to help them, he creates havoc. Boron’s aid, however, is a facade: he only desires control; he knows that Demerits doesn’t love Helena back, and so he interferes. This attitude reflects that of the Queen’s court: as Louis Monitors puts it, â€Å"Queen Elizabeth Xi’s marital status and her sexual condition were matters of the state†, reflected when Oberon plans to put the juice on Titanic so that she â€Å"renders [her] page† to him. Oberon and Puck, therefore, are shown as metaphors for the male Elizabethan state where the men knew everything about the Queen and tried to control her in order to fulfill their interests: they tried to force her into getting married, and reproducing in order for the country to have an heir, just as Oberon tried to force Titanic to change her mind when she defies him saying â€Å"the fairy land buys not the child off me†. Ultimately, despite Titanic’s rebellion, â€Å"she straight away gave† the changeling child to Oberon because he manipulates her with he juice, rendering her love an â€Å"ass†; this is comedic, especially when the character awakens and worries about being â€Å"enamored† to an â€Å"assn. The fact that it was the â€Å"fairy queen† to whom this occurred is significant as this term was often a metaphorical reference to Queen Elizabeth in Renaissance literature. The juice is symbolic of ultimate patriarchal power; however, in reality there is no juice to make the Queen yield and produce an heir for the State. Shakespeare therefore is mocking State power as they can never obtain their desires because for once there was a ruler who resisted male authority. The state also is shown through Oberon and this reference to an â€Å"ass† may actually be a reference to Oberon- whom is the one who has acted truly the â€Å"ass† and has Titanic’s love- and so the state itself. This male lust for power in seen, moreover, in the disorder at the start of the play in Shakespearean portrayal of the relationship between Hermit and Segues in regard to her choice of husband. Segues believes â€Å"this hath bewitched the bosom of my daughter†; Shakespeare refers to Alexander here as â€Å"this†, dehumidifying the character and therefore highlighting the Segues has towards Alexander. Segues wants to â€Å"dispose† of his daughter â€Å"to her death† because she chooses someone other than who he wants: a seeming betrayal. Segues’ parental constraint mirrors the expectations Elizabethan parents had for their children, leading to the 1 753 The Hardwired Act which invalidated any marriages of people under 21 or if parental/ guardian consent was not granted; 1 753 was after the play was written demonstrating the dangerous legacy patriarchal Elizabethan England left. Segues also does not refer to Hemi by name through this passage, instead only using pronouns such as her†, yet, the men are named twice in it. This highlights the misogyny as the men, unlike Women, are worthy of name- even Alexander who Was previously simply a ‘this†. The namelessness inflicted on Hermit reflects the fact that before the 1 7th century married females had no second enamel , emphasizing the fact that she was lower than men and just a possession of either her husband or father, as seen as Segues claims â€Å"[Hermit] is mine†. Moreover, the idea of a Helena, a love-struck teenager, following her love who has rejected her is funny, until Demerits threatens to â€Å"do thee mischief n the woods†. The imperative highlights how threatening this character is, and therefore- because Demerits represents a sort of â€Å"Everyman†- is symbolic of the threatening nature of man, a nature also seen in the forcefulness of Oberon. This scene takes place on the outskirts of the â€Å"green world† (the forest) and so in a limbo between reality, sensuality and disorder; we don’t know what is possible here therefore making Demerits even more dangerous and thus amplifying the danger of his, and every man’s, authority in this world, as we can see by Boron’s greater power. This scene between Demerits and Helena also emphasizes inequality; he threatens this terrible act because a female character is stalking him for love, while he does the same to another. This is ironic and paradoxical, making us question the attitudes Demerits represents; it would appear that it is fine for a bold man to stalk someone because they are- as Dorothy Leigh says- â€Å"amongst the wise†, while when a woman is strong other women ‘Will blush at [their] boldness†2. The motif of rape appears symbolically when Oberon plans to manipulate Demerits, Alexander and Titanic â€Å"when [they are] asleep†: at the eight vulnerability and exposure. Oberon attacks them with the juice, thus taking away their will and dignity, in its place leaving distress- as a rape would do. In this case, Boron’s metaphorical actions are tearing apart the â€Å"double cherry† of Hermit and Helena, striping their symbolic sisterhood to a â€Å"union in partition†. However, this violent authority was not uncommon in the 17th century, and neither was it a crime that was prosecuted. It was a popular attitude that women were objects of beauty and obedience, as shown in Dry Faustus. Faustus just wants a â€Å"where† wife, or an illusion of Helen of Troy, neither of whom had free will, and although these two plays are of opposite genres, the aggression towards women is seen in both. This shows how it is not only the genre of dramatic comedy, but renaissance theatre in general which holds a mirror to the darker issues of the day. Misogyny is further seen at the start of the play where Theses claims to have â€Å"won thy heart doing [Happily] injury’, the connotations here of violence reflect the patriarchal period of the play. This is emphasizes because Theses took Happily from a injunction matriarchal Amazonian culture to one where she is objectified as nothing more than a prize (coven thy†¦ â€Å") – implying that this â€Å"love† between them is not what it appeared to be, but is actually another example of male control. As Alison Plowmen explains, â€Å"nobody had any objections to love as long as the price was right†; Theses will gain status and the potential for an heir. Contrastingly, Happily loses her independence and Persephone, thus foregrounding the both the literal and symbolic battle of the sexes throughout the play due to the male coercion. How to cite There is not one word apt final, Papers

Simultaneous in Competitive and Cooperative †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Simultaneous in Competitive and Cooperative. Answer: Introduction: Decision-making is the most important step that is required to be undertaken while managing the organizational growth. The decisions that are being taken in the planning process help the organization in fixing goals based on the requirements of the organization. The basic criteria of the decision making programs helped in understanding the importance of the concepts of taking the rightful decisions (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). Decisions that are being undertaken by the organization ensures the improvement of the organizational situation, which is based on the common goal. The theories of the management are applied to the practical environments in order to make the students understand the ethics of the proper decision-making. The evaluation of the issues faced by the organizational system is an important step that must be undertaken by the manager before undertaking a decision. The session helped in understanding the values of proper decision-making and the impacts of the decisions taken by the organization on its progress. The progress of the organization is a basic requirement in order to make the organization sustainable (Popovi?b et al. 2012). Therefore, decision-making helps in the organizational progress and thereby supports sustainability. The approach of the organization is again an important step that must be considered in order to measure the improvements undertaken by the organization. The importance of decision making in the management of the organization is being portrayed in the first week of the session. It also emphasized on the situations that involves the effective decision making programs in order to undertake the effective organizational progress. Making Decisions Involving Multiple Objectives The decisions undertaken by the manager or the leader of the organization is to ensure the change that is being undertaken by the organization. The change in the organizational structure helps in determining the sustainable approach of the organization. Making decisions from a variety of options is the greatest challenge that the manager and the leaders of the company face (Schmoldt et al. 2013). It is because the available options seem to be appropriate for the issue that is being faced by the organization. The objectives of the organization affect the decisions that are being undertaken by the organization. The decisions help in achieving the common goals of the organization. Therefore, it creates an impact on the organizational structure. The involvement of the Lexicographic rule and the other models like the Elimination by aspects and the Sequential decision making helps the leader in taking the most viable decisions in favor of the organization (Masini and Menichetti 2012). It helps in the progression of the organization in the respective fields. It helps the organization in adhering to the requirements of change. The rules that were taught in the sessions have helped in the understanding of the steps that are included in order to examine the kind of progress that the company requires. The manager considers the change based on the requirements of the progress. The progress is being planned on the basis of the objective of the organization to meet up to the expectations of the consumers. The adoption of the theories helps in making the most of the changes in the organizational structure and enumerating the decisions based on the objectives of the organization (Pettigrew 2014). People Negotiating and Making Decisions The people negotiate over the decisions taken by the organization in order to enhance the effects of the decision. The decisions form the integral part of the organizational success and therefore it is the need of the organization to undertake proper decisions for their growth. The sessions that were being taken in the third week has led to the knowledge of the importance of the negotiations that are being taken by the organizations management team in order to address the effectiveness of the organization (Anderson et al. 2015). Organizations consider the need of the formulation of the plans in order to make sure that the plans are implemented in their correct forms. The proper implementation of the plans helps the organization in undertaking the changes more effectively. Therefore, proper planning procedures must be undertaken by the organization and judged over by negotiation in order to determine the effectiveness of the plans. Negotiations helps in determining the differences between the good and the great and therefore, organizations undertake negotiations before formulating and implementing a plan. It is based on the effectiveness of the plan, which ensures the change that is being undertaken by the organization. Negotiations while taking a decision helps in reducing the risks that might be faced by the organization during its growing period (Hwang and Lin 2012). It helps in determining the serious aspects of the change and dealing with the changes that affects the systems of the organization. The changes in the mindset of the people and the varied perceptions help the organizations in making the most of the decisions taken by the organizations. Introduction to Probability and Uncertainty The probability is based on the assumptions that are being undertaken by the management in order to understand the important aspects of the decision and the effects of the decision on the organizational structure (Creswell 2013). The assumptions help in determining the risks that the organization might face while undertaking the change in the structure and the systems. The uncertainty of the decisions depends on the change that is being undertaken in the environment relating to which the organization plans its change. The sudden change might affect the progress of the organization and the plans that are being implemented on the organizational structure helps ion determining the progress of the organization in the market (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). The probability that is being undertaken by the organization while planning the change helps the organization in determining the risks that the organization might face. The probabilities help the organization in formulating contingency plans for the survival of the organization in times of a crisis. The session undertaken in the fourth week refereed to the different functions of the probabilities in determining the uncertain constraints (Oshima Lee and Emanuel 2013). The several outcomes of the decision are being determined through mean of the distribution, the variance and the standard variation and the coefficient of variation. It helps in determining the effectiveness of the decisions and the effective manner in which the decisions can be managed in order to bring in the changes in the structure of the organization (Gregory et al. 2012). Decision Trees and Simulations A decision tree helps in determining the steps in which the decision making of the organization is required in order to bring about the change. The changes that are being planned by the organization help in the survival of the organization in the market. The decision tree helps in the formulation of the strategies by the organizations in order to ensure the progress of the same (Velasquez and Hester 2013). The other aspects of the leadership help in determining the major changes that must be considered. The simulations on the other hand help in determining the concepts of the implementation of the decisions that are being undertaken by the organization. The most important steps that are being undertaken by the organization are based on the requirements of the organization to make its progress in the market. Simulations help in understanding the situations that the organization might face in the field. The simulations that were undertaken in the session shave helped in the understanding of the situations that the organization might face in a crisis. On the other hand, the decision tree helps in determining the phases where the decisions are to be taken for the betterment of the organization. The weeks session helped the students with an understanding of the decision tree and its implementation. It helps the organization in understanding the stages where decisions are to be made by the organization for the desired change. Simulations have helped in the understanding of the varied situations where the decisions are to be taken by the organizations. Heuristics, Biases and Methods for Eliciting Probabilities The proper implementation of the Heuristics in order to make a decision effective is an important measure that must be undertaken by the organizations. It helps in the efficient decision making systems of the organization based on the changes of the organization. The most important consideration undertaken by the organization is based on the probabilities of implementation of the ideas in the decision-making, which is being undertaken properly. The steps of undertaking the probability of the decision benefitting the organization are being undertaken through the mean of the distribution (Sharda et al. 2014). The statistical steps are being demonstrated in the weeks session with the view of understanding the steps that are being undertaken by the organization. The probable steps that are being formulated by the organizations helps in facilitating the change. The methods for eliciting the probabilities of the success depend on the calculations that the organization undertakes before taking the decision. It helps the organization in understanding the steps that the organization undertakes for bringing in the change. The probabilities help in enumerating the steps that are required by the organization for the gradual development. Risk, Uncertainty and Judgment Revision The risks that are involved while undertaking the change is an important factor that must be analyzed by the organization (Pomerol and Barba-Romero 2012). It helps in the decision-making of the organizations based on the requirements. In order to determine the risks that are involved in the process of managing the changes in the organizational systems, the organizations undertakes the usage of the probabilities. It helps in improving the functional abilities of the organizations progress. The decisions undertaken by the organizations are based on the clear insight of the risks involved in the process of the change (Saaty and Vargas 2012). The uncertainty and the risk that is involved in the decision making process of the organizations are based on the policies and the type of improvements required by the company to make its progress in the market. The weeks session helped in making the students aware of the risks that the organization assumes while formulating the decisions. The decisions help in the proper maintenance of the ideas and the implementation of the plans to avoid the situations of the risk and the uncertainty. The uncertainty that are faced by the organization helps in determining the progress that the company assumes to make through the decisions. The session is believed to help the students with the clear understanding of the risks that are involved in the process of undertaking the change. The uncertainty of the decisions is based on the aspects of the assumptions and the calculated probabilities that are being undertaken by the organizations. It helps the organization in making use of the decision tactically in bringing about the change. Scenario Planning The planning of the scenario is again another aspect that influences the effectiveness of the decision that is being taken by the organization. It helps in identifying the probable outcomes through the implementation of the strategies on the situations that might be faced b the organization. The firms, identifies the different scenarios in the market and determine the discrepancies. Secondly, they determine the similarity of the current strategy of the firma with the scenario that they propose (Savikhin and Sheremeta 2013). The similarity in the scenario and the strategy of the organization helps the organization in choosing the correct options from the rest. Decision is all about making the right choice. Therefore, the interrelation of the strategy with the scenario helps the organization in undertaking the decision in favor of the organization. It helps the organization in making the correct choice. The scenario planning session helped the students in understanding the organizations assumption of the budget in order to undertake the change. The budget helps the organization in making the right decision. Therefore, it is an important part of the planning process of the organization relating to its progress. The planned session has enumerated ways in which the organization can plan its scenario based on the strategies. Scenario planning is different from the strategic planning of the organizational growth (Conroy and Peterson 2013). The strategic planning analyzes the trends and focuses on prophesying the changes that the organization might meet in the long run. On the other hand, the scenario planning involves both of the elements of strategic planning in order to enhance the organizations capability of meeting the big changes in the market. It helps in determining the major changes and thereby helps in the adaptability of the organization to the change. The session has helped in the understanding of the strategic analysis and the forecasting under the broad terms of scenario planning. Framing the decision is an important step the organization undertakes in order to make its progress in the market. The most important consideration undertaken by the organizations are based on the criteria of the change in order to make the company sustainable in the market (Griffin 2013). The decisions taken by the organizations help in determining the objective of the organizations and thereby frame their decisions accordingly. In order to undertake a decision, the organization follows certain steps. The steps help in understanding the requirements of the organization as a whole. In this weeks session the students were taught about determining the information from the past decisions and identifying the flaws that made the company to undertake the change. After the recognition of the flaws, the priority of the actions that are being taken by the organization helps in understanding the situation of the organization and sequencing the actions in a continuous basis (Eweje, Turner and Mller 2012). Even before taking the rightful decisions, the organizations are required to assume a timeline for the change to affect the structure of the organization. Identifying the risks and the appropriate human resource helps in framing the decision that is being undertaken by the organization for anticipating the change in its structure. The session helped the students in understanding the different concepts that are being undertaken while undertaking the framing of the decisions. The market considerations of the organization help the organization in choosing the rightful decis ions for the change. Decision Support Mechanisms The decision support mechanism or the decision support system is an information system that helps the organizations in taking the rightful decisions for the growth and expansion of the business kin the market (Schneeweiss 2012). The consideration undertaken by the information system is based on the research of the market that is being undertaken by the system. It helps the organizations in understanding the changes that they must adhere to in order to sustain their business in the market (Janssen 2012). It helps in the mid and higher management in undertaking the plans of masking their progress in the market. The decision support systems can be computerized, human-powered or the combination of both the forces. The information system helps in determining the effective decision making of the organization and ensures the organizational success in the long run. The students who attended the weeks session were taught of the implications and applications of the information system and the manner in which the mechanism helps in the proper decision making of the organization (McAfee, Brynjolfsson and Davenport 2012). The tutors undertook several practical situations where the information system can be applied and thereby bring about changes in the decision making of the organization. The effective decision making of the organization is based on the principles of the change that the organization requires in order to sustain in the market. Therefore, the students were made to solve demonstrative issues faced by certain organizations through the clear application of the information system. It helped in the proper understanding of the steps that are being undertaken by the organization for the progress (Haimes 2015). Implementation of the sessions The session s helped in the understanding of the issues that the organizations face while undertaking the decisions for the change. The solutions to resolve the problems are being gained through the experiences that the students acquired from the clear implementation of the rules and systems on the issues. The most important benefit that is being acquired from the sessions is the clear understanding of the step that are being evaluated before taking a decision in the favor of the organization. It helped in the understanding of the issues and the solutions and applications. The sessions have helped me in understanding the issues faced by the organizations while undertaking a decision. It has helped me in applying the solutions to the issues faced by my organization and thereby resolve the issues efficiently. The most important aspect that I have learnt from the sessions is based on the factors of determining the situations and thereby implements the ideas of the decision. The decision that is being taken by me is based on the organizational objectives as the goals of the organization helps in understanding the required actions to support the decision of the organization. On the other hand, the sessions have also helped me in undertaking probabilities that will support the systems of the decisions undertaken for the progress of the organization. In order to ensure the requirements of the organizations the negotiations are being undertaken by the people in the organization. The negotiations help in determining the proper decision making of the organization. The most important consideration undertaken by the organization is adhering to the requirements of the organization to change based on the market structure. The sessions have helped me in understanding the situations and elicit the probabilities in order to determine the risk that is being involved in the progress of the organization. The issues faced by the organization based on the advancements are being determined through the decision tree, which helps in the clear understanding of the stages where the decisions are required to be taken by the organization. On the other hand, the practical usage of the decision-making mechanisms has helped me in improving the information system of the organization. It has helped me in understanding the flaws that constrains the growth and expansion of the organization. Determining the risks and the uncertainties that the organization might face while undertaking the change is again another important step that the session enumerated. I was benefitted from the session on the basis of the enhancement of my understanding of the risk factors that the company faces while undertaking the change. The change that is planned by the organizations is based on the criteria of the issues faced by the organization and the uncertainty that the organizations holds of implementing the change on the organizational structure. The other aspect that is being covered by the sessions relating to the planning of the scenario helps in determining the position of the organization in the market. It also helps in determining the risks that the organizations are sure to face in the market. It has helped me in enumerating the risks that are being faced by my organization and undertake the scenario planning effectively based on the strategies of the organization. References Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015. An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Conroy, M.J. and Peterson, J.T., 2013. Decision making in natural resource management: a structured, adaptive approach. John Wiley Sons. 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